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Cuba has approved an economic and social reform plan covering 176 measures across 23 areas, with core elements including streamlining ministries from 27 to 20, granting significant autonomy to local governments, expanding the business scope for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and advancing subsidy targeting and energy transition. 
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每日经济新闻 2026-06-21 00:19 四川
每日经济新闻(微信号:nbdnews)
据新华社报道,古巴全国人民政权代表大会18日召开特别会议,审议并批准经济和社会改革方案,涵盖23个领域的176项改革措施。
根据古巴全国人民政权代表大会官网消息,古巴总理马雷罗在会上表示,改革旨在强化银行和金融体系,提高生产力,确保更公平的收入分配。这些措施将与税收、金融和企业体系的行政手续简化相配套。改革措施还包括企业制度的调整,重点在于推进生产结构现代化及管理方式多样化。
马雷罗强调,面对美国持续封锁带来的巨大挑战,古巴要团结一致、坚定信念、勇敢无畏,并以创新方式应对挑战。此次改革与古巴自身发展逻辑相契合,根本目标是改善人民生活,让全体公民更好地为社会主义建设贡献力量。
另外,据参考消息援引拉美社6月17日报道,古巴革命领导人劳尔·卡斯特罗17日对在古巴共产党中央委员会特别全体会议上提出并评估的经济社会改革方案表示赞同。
美国长期对古巴实施经济、金融封锁和贸易禁运。今年相继对委内瑞拉、伊朗发起军事行动后,美国总统特朗普又对古巴发出威胁,称“下一个是古巴”,并进一步加大对古巴施压,实行石油封锁。为应对美国持续施压,古巴国家主席迪亚斯-卡内尔12日表示,古巴已确定一系列重点工作,涵盖经济社会发展、对外开放、能源转型等领域。
据中国驻古巴共和国大使馆经济商务处消息,综合西班牙埃菲社、古巴《辩论报》6 月 12 日报道,古巴国家主席迪亚斯-卡内尔 15 日宣布一项涉及二十多个领域的重磅经济改革方案。在行政体制,除将政府部委从 27 个精炼至 20 个、大幅削减行政人员外,将向地方“大力放权”,赋予市级政府直接开展进出口、管理外资以及与海外侨胞建立经贸联系的自主权,使其不再依赖中央计划;允许国营企业及农业生产者彻底摆脱行政中间环节,直接参与外汇市场交易并自主选择客户与供应商;拓大中小微企业(Mipymes)经营范围,进一步缩减其“禁止准入清单”。
在民生与能源保障方面,将推进从“普惠制商品补贴”向“针对弱势群体的精准个人补助”的渐进式转变;加速发展可再生能源,全面取消针对车辆(特别是电动汽车)的进口限制,同时加紧配套基础设施建设;在旅游业方面,计划在旅游及房地产领域引入全新的非传统合作主体,允许海外常住古巴侨胞享有与国内公民完全同等的投资条件。
编辑**|何小桃 易启江****
校对|**魏文艺**
!Image 4: 图片 本文转载自新华社、参考消息、中国驻古巴共和国大使馆经济商务处 
Key Quotes
> The reform aims to strengthen the banking and financial system, increase productivity, and ensure a fairer distribution of income.
> Significant autonomy will be granted to local governments, empowering municipal governments to directly conduct imports and exports, manage foreign investment, and establish economic ties with the overseas diaspora, making them no longer dependent on central planning.
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