Title: 每日钉一下(参照点设定,如何影响我们投资的收益和体验?) | BestBlogs.dev
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Published Time: 2026-07-05 21:16:00
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每日钉一下(参照点设定,如何影响我们投资的收益和体验?)
This article uses the reference point effect in behavioral finance as its core, combining fund investment examples to analyze how loss aversion, break-even effect, and house money effect influence investor decisions, and proposes two types of stop-profit reference points: 30% return or valuation. Follow·
Yesterday·1736 words (about 7 min)
AI Summary & Key Points
Summary
The article approaches from the perspective of behavioral finance, explaining how reference point setting affects investors' loss aversion tendencies. It points out that near reference points (such as set stop-profit return rates), investors' risk aversion significantly increases, leading to excessive trading; while when losses are deep or profits are substantial, risk tolerance actually increases, corresponding to the break-even effect and house money effect respectively. The author combines fund investment scenarios, citing examples such as increased sell consultations when index funds just enter overvalued territory, and redemption waves when turning from loss to profit. Finally, two stop-profit reference methods are provided: first, stop-profit by return rate, recommending 30% for equity funds (referencing convertible bond mandatory redemption mechanisms); second, stop-profit by valuation, waiting for indexes to enter overvalued territory, with a cycle of approximately 3-5 years. The article is easy to understand and has reference value for ordinary fund investors to understand their own behavioral biases, but the depth is limited and contains course advertisements.
Main Points
* 1. Risk aversion is strongest near reference points, and tolerance is higher when far from reference points.
Investors near preset stop-profit levels (like 10%) worry about pullbacks and rush to sell; when losses are deep, they tend to hold on (break-even effect), and when profits are substantial, they're willing to risk with profit portions (house money effect).
* 2. When setting return-based stop-profit, 30% is a more reasonable reference point for equity funds.
A-shares have annual volatility around 20%, with an average 30% return stop-profit opportunity occurring once every 2-3 years; historical patterns of convertible bond mandatory redemption clauses also support this threshold. 10% stop-profit is too frequent and increases trading costs.
* 3. Valuation-based stop-profit requires more patience, with a cycle of approximately 3-5 years.
Executing stop-profit based on the cycle from undervalued to overvalued indexes suits investors unwilling to trade frequently, but requires greater patience.
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银行螺丝钉 2026-07-05 21:16 四川
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银行螺丝钉
参照点设定,如何影响我们投资的收益和体验?
损失厌恶告诉我们,相比获得而言,人们更讨厌自己损失已经有的东西。但损失厌恶,很多时候需要一个参照点。通过和参照点对比,我们来衡量损失的水平。
一个很有意思的地方,越是接近我们的参照点,我们的损失厌恶倾向越强烈。
举个例子。比如说,我们投资一个基金,打算10%收益率止盈。如果当前收益刚好到了10.5%,那我们就会担心之后市场下跌,拿不到10%的收益,这时很多投资者就会倾向于卖出。
在参照点附近,投资者的风险厌恶程度会大大增强。这里面很有意思的是,这个强度跟一开始设定的参照点有关系。
如果设定的是10%,那就是到10%收益附近的时候,损失厌恶会增强;如果设定的是20%,那就是到20%收益附近的时候,损失厌恶会增强。
换个场景,如果参照点是10%的收益,而当前浮亏却是10%。这时,在参照点下面很多的位置,投资者的厌恶程度反而比较低。投资者会愿意在浮亏的情况下持有。
之所以浮亏还愿意继续持有,是因为距离投资者自己设定的参照点比较远,厌恶程度会降低。这也被称为平损效应。
相反的,如果参照点是10%的收益,但当前收益却是30%。在参照点上面很多的位置,这时风险厌恶程度也会很低。这种效应叫做庄家资金效应。也就是股票投资中俗话说的,「用盈利的钱来冒险不心疼。」
换句话说,当前的盈利远低于和远高于参照点,大家都不会焦虑。而正好在参照点附近的时候,就会格外焦虑。
螺丝钉也是深有体会。特别是很多指数基金刚到高估区域的时候,咨询这个基金要不要卖出的留言会陡然增加。其实这就是由于我们把参照点设置为高估区域的缘故。
同样的,如果我们把参照点,设置为盈利15%卖出,那很多收益达到15%的朋友,也会在对应的时间段,关心要不要止盈。
这点在基金投资中也是有体现的。如果观察一下市场,当市场从熊市底部上涨的时候,很多投资者扭亏为盈,我们会发现此时股票基金有一波比较大的赎回。这也是因为很多人开始投资股票基金的参照点,是设置为「不亏损」。如果之前亏损了,亏损的时候不焦虑,但回本的时候就会面对一波赎回。
所以,设置良好的参照点,是会影响我们的投资收益和体验的。
那参照点该选择多少比较合适呢?其实这也就是我们说过的止盈的方法。
(1)如果是按照收益率来选择参照点,对于股票基金来说,设置为30%比较合适。
原因有两个。
其一,A股市场,平均每年波动在20%上下。这也意味着,平均投资2-3年会遇到一次达到30%收益率止盈的机会。
其二,30%收益率止盈,这个参照点,已经在一类资产也就是可转债上使用。大部分可转债,上市的时候单价100元,会在单价达到130元以上并持续一段时间的时候,触发强制赎回条款。从历史数据看,大部分可转债在2-3年时间里都会触发强制赎回。
如果设置参照点是10%的收益,对股票基金来说就太低了。交易会比较频繁,额外的增加了不必要的交易手续费。
(2)另外一种设置止盈的方法,就是按照估值止盈。
如果按照估值止盈,那就是等指数基金进入高估区域止盈,通常时间会更长一些。
从低估到高估是3-5年的时间,需要更有耐心一些。
风险提示
本文仅为信息分享,不构成任何投资建议。市场有风险,投资需谨慎。
基金投资组合策略过往业绩并不预示其未来表现,为其他客户创造的收益并不构成业绩表现的保证。
基金投资组合策略具有市场风险、信用风险、流动性风险、法律风险以及其他投资风险等,其风险特征与单只基金产品的特征存在差异,可能存在基金投资组合策略成分基金风险等级高于基金投资组合策略风险等级的情况。
基金投资顾问业务尚处于试点阶段,存在因试点资格被取消不能继续提供服务的风险。 ▼点击阅读原文,免费学习大额家庭资产配置课程 阅读原文
Key Quotes
> Near reference points, investors' risk aversion increases significantly.
> Setting good reference points will affect our investment returns and experience.
> When current profits are far below or far above the reference point, no one feels anxious. But when exactly near the reference point, people become particularly anxious.
Tags
Personal Finance
Fund Investment
Investment Psychology
Behavioral Finance
Stop-Profit Strategy
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