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确认了！潜在宜居的“超级地球”，距离我们仅 25 光年
Astronomers have confirmed that the exoplanet GJ3378b, located only 25 light-years from Earth, is a rocky super-Earth situated within the habitable zone of a red dwarf star, offering potential habitability. 人 人民网Follow·
Today·727 words (about 3 min)
AI Summary & Key Points
Summary
People's Daily Online reports that astronomers used instruments such as the WIYN 3.5-meter telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory to re-measure the exoplanet GJ3378b, which had previously been mistaken for a Neptune-like world, revising its mass from 5.26 Earth masses to 2.3 Earth masses and confirming it as a rocky 'super-Earth'. The planet orbits a red dwarf star only 25 light-years from Earth, with an orbital period of 21 days, receiving stellar radiation about 90% of Earth's, placing it within the habitable zone where liquid water could theoretically be sustained. The article notes that although the host red dwarf may emit strong stellar winds and harmful radiation, the planet lies at the edge of the radiation-affected region, potentially avoiding the harshest conditions. Currently, its atmospheric composition cannot be analyzed via transit spectroscopy because it does not transit; scientists hope future direct observations with NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory will enable further search for signs of life. The article cites the latest research in the Astrophysical Journal and highlights that this discovery marks an important advance in humanity's exploration of nearby potentially habitable planets.
Main Points
* 1. GJ3378b's mass has been revised to 2.3 times that of Earth, classifying it as a rocky super-Earth rather than a gaseous planet.
Early observations mistakenly classified it as a Neptune-like world; new data show a significantly lower mass, indicating a rocky composition, which is crucial for assessing its surface environment and potential habitability.
* 2. The planet lies within the habitable zone of a red dwarf star only 25 light-years from Earth, receiving stellar radiation about 90% of Earth's.
With an orbital period of 21 days, it resides exactly where liquid water could exist, giving it relatively mild surface temperatures and making it one of the nearest known potentially habitable worlds.
* 3. Stellar winds and radiation from the red dwarf could strip away the atmosphere, but the planet's position at the edge of the radiation-affected region may help it avoid the harshest conditions.
The article notes that although the host red dwarf is highly active, GJ3378b happens to be situated at the edge where adverse factors are weaker, offering some hope that it could retain its atmosphere.
* 4. Currently, atmospheric information cannot be obtained via transit spectroscopy, and scientists anticipate future direct observations with NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory.
Because the planet does not transit its star, existing telescopes cannot analyze its atmospheric composition; future high-sensitivity space telescopes are expected to directly image it and search for biosignatures.
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人民网 2026-07-19 06:26 北京
!Image 5 
天文学家确认一颗名为GJ3378b的系外行星，位于距离地球仅25光年的红矮星宜居带内，可能具备孕育生命的条件。这颗行星位于鹿豹座方向，围绕一颗暗淡的红矮星运行，被视为目前已知距离地球最近的潜在宜居世界之一。这项研究成果发表在最新一期《天体物理学杂志》上，标志着人类在探索近邻宜居行星的道路上又迈出重要一步。
艺术家绘制的超级地球GJ3378b表面视角图。图片来源：尼古拉·伯曼/加州大学尔湾分校。
GJ3378b最初于2024年被法国天文学家发现。当时测定的质量为地球的5.26倍，被认为是一颗类似微型海王星的气态行星。然而，美国加州大学尔湾分校团队利用基特峰国家天文台的WIYN 3.5米望远镜等设备进行二次观测后，修正了这一结论。新数据显示，GJ3378b的真实质量仅为地球的2.3倍，属于岩石质地的“超级地球”。
轨道参数同样得到修正。最初认为该行星的公转周期为25天，实际仅为21天。这意味着它比此前判断的更靠近母星，但也恰好处于宜居带内——这一区域允许行星表面温度维持液态水的存在。这颗行星从母星接收的辐射量约为地球从太阳获取的90%，位置非常理想。
但红矮星常发出强烈的恒星风和有害辐射，可能剥离行星的大气。由于该行星并未从其恒星前方发生凌星现象，天文学家无法利用太空望远镜通过凌星光谱学技术分析其大气成分。
目前，天文学家只能寄望于计划在本世纪40年代部署的NASA宜居世界天文台。届时，这台望远镜或许能直接探测到GJ3378b的大气层，甚至进一步寻找生命存在的证据。
尽管存在诸多未知，天文学家仍持乐观态度：GJ3378b恰好位于受辐射严重影响的区域边缘，可能避免了最恶劣的环境。 责编｜姜越 编辑｜张素玲
来源｜科技日报 ID：kjrbwx 记者：张梦然 阅读原文
Key Quotes
> The planet receives about 90% of the stellar radiation that Earth gets from the Sun, making its position highly favorable.
> Despite many unknowns, astronomers remain optimistic: GJ3378b happens to lie at the edge of the region strongly affected by radiation, possibly avoiding the harshest conditions.
> The planet lies in the direction of the constellation Lynx, orbits a faint red dwarf star, and is considered one of the nearest known potentially habitable worlds to Earth.
Tags
Astronomy
Exoplanets
Habitable Zone
Red Dwarf
Technology News
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