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未婚男子去世留下上海一套房，亲弟弟要继承，侄女突然现身！
This article reports an inheritance dispute case in Shanghai, explaining that after the unmarried man's death his brother inherits the property, while the niece's claim of substitutional inheritance is not supported by legal basis and court ruling. ·
Yesterday·1613 words (about 7 min)
AI Summary & Key Points
Summary
The article revolves around a statutory inheritance dispute case concluded by the Pudong New Area People's Court of Shanghai. The unmarried man, Mr. Sun's second elder brother, passed away before the Civil Code took effect, leaving a Shanghai property. Mr. Sun claims that as a brother belonging to the second order of heirs he should inherit the property, while his niece Xiao Min asserts, based on the Civil Code's provisions on nephews and nieces substitutional inheritance, that she is entitled to inherit. The court held that, since the decedent died before the Civil Code's implementation, the inheritance law in force at that time should generally apply; because there are other heirs (the brothers), it does not meet the exceptional circumstance under the judicial interpretation of the temporal effect of the Civil Code where 'there is no heir to inherit the estate and no legatee', thus the 1985 Inheritance Law applies, determining Mr. Sun as a second-order heir entitled to the property, and rejecting Xiao Min's claim. The article further explains the legislative purpose of the Civil Code's newly added nephews and nieces substitutional inheritance system: to expand the scope of substitutional inheritance, reduce cases where estates escheat to the state or collectives due to lack of heirs, promote intra-family wealth transmission and familial harmony. The text cites explanations from a judicial assistant and the deputy division head of the civil trial division, presenting clear facts and sound argumentation.
Main Points
* 1. Principle of non-retroactivity and its exceptional application conditions
The court pointed out that, where the decedent died before the Civil Code took effect, the inheritance law in force at that time generally applies; only when there are no other heirs and no legatees can the nephews/nieces substitutional inheritance be applied exceptionally. In this case, the existence of a brother as a second-order heir means the exceptional condition is not met.
* 2. The court identified Mr. Sun as a second-order heir entitled to inherit the property
Under the 1985 Inheritance Law, siblings belong to the second order of heirs. Since the decedent's parents are deceased and there is no spouse or children, brother Mr. Sun has inheritance rights, while Xiao Min's claim of substitutional inheritance lacks legal basis.
* 3. Legislative purpose and social significance of the Civil Code's newly added nephews and nieces substitutional inheritance system
This system expands the range of substitutional heirs, reduces instances where estates escheat to the state or collectives due to lack of heirs, making it more likely for property to be passed down within the family, fulfilling family functions such as support and upbringing, and promoting harmonious familial relationships.
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央视网 2026-07-29 18:30 北京
我国民法典增加了 侄子女、甥子女 代位继承制度，当被继承人无配偶、子女、父母这些第一顺位继承人，且被继承人兄弟姐妹先离世，兄弟姐妹的子女，也就是被继承人的侄子、侄女、外甥、外甥女，可代位继承。
这类代位继承仅适用于法定继承，不能对抗遗嘱。立法目的是为避免遗产归公，鼓励亲属互助。如果被继承人在民法典施行前去世，这项制度还能适用吗？又该如何适用呢？近日，上海市浦东新区人民法院审结了一起法定继承纠纷，生效判决明确了裁判原则。
未婚未育男子去世
弟弟和侄女为继承其房产对簿公堂
孙先生的父母早年相继去世，大哥2017年去世，留有女儿小敏；二哥未婚未育，在2020年7月去世，留有上海房屋一套。孙先生认为，二哥没有配偶、子女、父母等第一顺序继承人，也没有立遗嘱，自己作为兄弟，依法属于第二顺序继承人，理应继承二哥留下的房产，但是大哥的女儿小敏，也就是孙先生和他二哥共同的侄女，提起诉讼，认为这房子她也有份。 上海市浦东新区人民法院法官助理张景琨介绍，侄女 小敏 认为，爷爷奶奶早年去世，二叔一生未婚未育，去世后也没有留下遗嘱。根据民法典，侄甥是可以代位继承的。自己作为侄女有权继承二叔的遗产，三叔应该将二叔留下的房子分自己一半。
法不溯及既往
例外情形如何适用？
本案的争议焦点在于，孙先生的二哥是在民法典施行前去世的，本案应当适用原继承法，还是适用民法典关于侄子女、甥子女代位继承的新规定？
根据最高法关于民法典时间效力的司法解释（《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉时间效力的若干规定》），被继承人在民法典施行前死亡的，原则上应当适用当时施行的法律确定继承法律关系。但同时，司法解释规定了即使被继承人在民法典施行前死亡，也可以由被继承人的侄子、侄女、外甥、外甥女代位继承的例外情形。 张景琨表示，法不溯及既往是原则。但随着社会发展和家庭结构变化，在以往的司法实践中，由于法定继承人范围较窄，特别是“失独家庭”“丁克家庭”，在没有立遗嘱的情况下，很容易出现遗产无人继承，被收归国有或者集体组织所有的情况。
所以，民法典时间效力司法解释规定了，在没有继承人也没有受遗赠人的情况下，虽然被继承人去世在民法典施行之前，但也可以例外地溯及适用侄甥代位继承制度。但这种情况需要符合三个条件：
一、确实没有其他继承人或受遗赠人；
二、侄甥代位的被代位继承人，也就是被继承人的兄弟姐妹不存在曾经遗弃、虐待被继承人等丧失继承权的情形；
三、遗产在民法典施行前没处理完毕的。
△资料图
显然，孙先生作为兄弟，是其二哥的第二顺序继承人，所以，此案不属于“遗产无人继承又无人受遗赠”的情形。法院认定，本案应适用1985年继承法的相关规定，孙先生作为被继承人的兄弟，属于第二顺序继承人，依法享有继承权。侄女小敏主张依据民法典代位继承叔叔遗产，缺乏法律依据，不予支持。
最终，法院判决房屋归孙先生所有。判决已生效。
侄甥代位继承制立法
目的是促进亲情和谐
在民法典施行前，只有孙辈有代位继承权。民法典新增加的侄子女、甥子女代位继承制度如何适用？这项制度适用的意义是什么？ **上海市浦东新区人民法院民事审判庭副庭长赵超介绍，**民法典规定，继承开始后，由第一顺序继承人继承，第二顺序继承人不继承；没有第一顺序继承人继承的，由第二顺序继承人继承，第二顺序继承人包括兄弟姐妹、祖父母和外祖父母。
如果这时候，被继承人的兄弟姐妹先于被继承人去世，那么被继承人兄弟姐妹的子女也就是被继承人的侄甥，根据民法典第1128条的规定，是有代位继承权的。
这也就是民法典新增的规定，扩大代位继承人的范围，减少被继承人的遗产无人继承、被收归国有或集体组织所有的情形，让遗产有更多机会在家族内部传承和分配，充分发挥遗产扶养、育幼等家庭功能，促使亲情关系更加和睦。
（总台中国之声记者 孙莹）
# **!Image 10: 图片
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 !Image 15: 图片 段成刚，无期徒刑！ !Image 16: 图片  !Image 18: 图片**** 中纪委连打两“虎”**!Image 19: 图片 !Image 20: 图片 **# # 主 编丨 单镜宇 **编 辑丨 知行** 审 校丨 雅虹 来 源 丨 央视新闻
Key Quotes
> The principle of non-retroactivity stands. However, with social development and changes in family structure, in past judicial practice, due to the narrow scope of statutory heirs—especially 'single-child loss families' and 'DINK families'—in the absence of a will, it is easy for estates to have no heirs and thus be taken over by the state or collective organizations.
> The court held that the 1985 Inheritance Law should apply to this case; Mr. Sun, as the brother of the decedent, is a second-order heir and thus lawfully entitled to inherit. Xiao Min's claim to inherit her uncle's estate under the Civil Code's substitutional inheritance provision lacks legal basis and is not supported.
Tags
Law
Inheritance Law
Civil Code
Court Judgment
Social News
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