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硅料八巨头“反内卷”签字,光伏行业要见底了?
Eight leading silicon material firms sign an 'Initiative Letter' setting a price floor, marking a potential halt to the photovoltaic industry's price war, though industry reshuffling will still take time. 
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原创 观市客 2026-08-08 06:11 上海
近日,通威股份、协鑫科技、大全能源、新特能源等八家硅料龙头企业,共同签署了反内卷《倡议书》。这八家企业合计掌控着国内超90%的多晶硅产能,他们共同承诺,所有产品售价不得低于统一标准核算的完全成本。光伏行业的价格战时代,终于迎来结束的曙光。
要理解这份倡议书的分量,得先看懂硅料行业有多惨。上半年,国内多晶硅建成总产能约350万吨,而全球全年需求折算下来不过120万吨左右,名义产能是需求的近三倍。行业开工率已经跌到了39%,近50万吨的库存压在仓库里,价格从巅峰时期的30万元/吨一路跌到3万出头,跌去了九成。
中信建投期货测算显示,硅料环节完全成本利润率为-49.98%,硅片环节更是达到-73.45%。企业卖得越多亏得越多,这就是典型的囚徒困境,每家企业都知道降价不对,但谁先减产谁就丢失市场份额。于是所有人硬着头皮生产、砸价、亏损,直到全行业失血到临界点。
值得注意的是,《倡议书》除了明确硅料价格底线外,还同步收紧的能耗门槛,明确提及“严格落实能耗新标准,主动出清高耗能落后产能”,从而推动行业加速出清。按照最新的多晶硅单位产品能耗准入值6.3千克标准煤/千克测算,当前国内在产产能中,有约四成的老产能达不到这一标准,对应超100万吨产能面临技改升级或逐步退出的压力。
那么硅料价格要涨了吗?光伏行业将见底了吗?
客观来看,价格的深度下跌大概率会就此止住,但全面反转还远谈不上。当前行业近50万吨的社会库存仍在高位,全球光伏装机增速放缓、海外贸易壁垒升温的大背景没有变,需求端不足以支撑价格大幅反弹。
产业链的利润重构也才刚刚开始。过去一年多,光伏产业链的亏损压力几乎全部集中在上游硅料、硅片环节,下游组件、电站端则享受了低价红利。随着上游价格底线确立,产业链利润会从“上游失血、下游微利”的失衡状态,逐步向更均衡的水平回归。但这也意味着,下游电站的装机成本会小幅抬升,过去光伏组件的极端低价,大概率不会再出现了。
八家硅料龙头企业的共同签字,更像是价格底的确认信号,而不是行业周期底的终点。价格不再暴跌只是第一步,库存去化、产能出清、供需再平衡,每一步都还需要时间。行业将迎来真正的洗牌期,没有成本优势、技术储备的企业,会在能耗约束和成本红线的双重挤压下陆续离场,行业集中度有望进一步向头部集中。 免责声明(上下滑动查看全部)
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Key Quotes
> All product selling prices must not be lower than the fully cost calculated according to the unified standard.
> The profit margin at the silicon material stage based on full cost is –49.98%, and the wafer stage reaches –73.45%.
> The cessation of price crashes is only the first step; inventory reduction, capacity clearance, and supply‑demand rebalancing each still require time.
Tags
Photovoltaics
Silicon Materials
Polysilicon
Price War
Energy Consumption Constraints
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